Cables

Cables

Composite Video

Composite Video
(Analogue)

• Uses standard format: NTSC, PAL and SECAM
• Carries 1 signal whereas the S-Video or component
• Transmission used carries standard definition such as; 480i/ 576i signal

S-Video

(Analogue)

S-Video

• Used to separate black and white colour signals which achieve better images rather than composite although this results as a lower resolution than a component video
• Each pin includes it's own ground pin as a result there is 5 pins but one is used on the bottom for holding purposes
• Analogue cable carries a standard definition (480i/576i)

Component Video

Component Video

(Analogue)

• Allows full HD resolution however due to the nature of digital tv's an extra conversion must be applied to create artifacts (edge clarity)
• The majority of HD sources support progressive output although some are limited to 1080i
• RGB distributes colour signals in three ways (Green, Blue and Red)

VGA

(Analogue) - Don't carry audio

VGA

• Uses the same RGB method as a component cable
• This allows higher resolutions which range from 640x400 continuos throughout to 2048x1536
• Higher resolutions cables require coaxial wiring and insulation for a higher quality
• Commonly used for computer monitors to connect to video cards, HDTV's, laptops, netbooks and a variety of other equipment

DVI Cable

DVI Cable

(Digital) - No audio

• Digital cable meaning no loss in quality
• Often found in HDTV's and Video cards
• Three main types of DVI cables; DVI-D, DVI-A and DVI-I
• Cables are single in a dual link
• Resolutions consist upto 3840x2400

HDMI

(Digital)

HDMI

• HDMI is used for an array of devices ranging from cameras, monitors, computers and blu-ray players
• Single cable that carries video and audio signals digitally (no loss of signal) 
• Version 1.0 allowed for 1920x1080p
• Version 1.4 supports ethernet and 3D (3840x2160p)/30fps
• Version 2.0 supports 3840x2160p at 60fps

RCA Connector

RCA Connector

(Analogue)

• Carry video and audio signals
• Primarily used for stereo equipment often consumer grade 
• Used by many devices before and after the digital switchover (VHS,DVD players,TV's)
• Loss of quality is retained over long distances
• Susceptible to noises (hum) 

1/4 Jack

1/4 Jack and 1/8 Jack (3.5mm)

(Phone Connector - Analogue)

• 3.5 mm is commonly found on phones and DSLR's (intended for short runs)
• 1/4 Jack is used for audio recording equipment, stereo, guitar and bass leads

XLR Connector

(Digital)

• Commonly used for microphones
• The design initialises that the microphone is unable to disconnect on it's own accord
• 3 pins used (similar to the balanced connection on a 3.5mm or 1/4 Jack)
• Female is the source whereas the male is the input

  

  XLR Connector

  
  
  

White Balance And Colour Temperature

The temperature colour is the characteristics of visible light which uses important applications in lighting as well as the temperature colour is used to radiate lights of comparable hue in comparison to a light source.
We measure temperature colour in a measurement known as Kelvin which is used to counterbalance the lights and the scale used is known as Ascetic scale which is used for a visual aspect for instance the hotter the colour temperature means lower the Kelvin whereas cooler the colour temperature means higher the Kelvin (which is a multitude of light commonly used in the industry).


Gels also known as filters are commonly used in certain scenarios to create an alternative colour e.g: if your camera portrayed warm tones and you wanted to add a cool tone you would use a blue filter to create this effect, vice versa.

Defusions which are similar looking to tracing paper are used to  defuse the light sources to soften a colour as well as a black filter used for neutral density. Current popular filters are produced by lee filters which is a known big manufacturers.










You balance a camera by matching the your current light situation to one of the icons to the right hand side, these interpret light sources accordingly.

White balance is the colour symmetry on a digital camera and measures the intensity and quality of a light source. Most cameras are equipped with built in sensors to accurately assume the current light source to process the image correctly although the image may be wrong if you've set the white balance to 2000K and your filming outdoors as this will produce an blue tinge to the overall shot itself. One alternative to ensure you end up with best results is to hold a white piece of paper to cover the shot and match this to the frame so that the camera casts itself to the right colour.